OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN NIGERIA: POLICY PROVISION, IMPLEMENTATION AND SEARCH FOR THE MISSING LINK
Akudo, Florence Ukamaka
+2348036661864 fu.akudo@unizik.edu.ng Department of Educational Management and Policy, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
The world in the new millennium has entered an era that is knowledge-driven. And this contributes to the social and economic development of a country. It is a common knowledge that Nigerian conventional university systems and other forms of formal higher education cannot accommodate all those seeking university admission in Nigerian. Hence the establishment of open and distance education. This paper therefore discussed open and distance learning in Nigerian: policy provision, implementation and search for the mission link. It starts with discussing the concept of open and distance learning, followed by x-ray of open and distance learning and policy provision. Next is discussion on the implementation gaps in open and distance learning. Thereafter, it discusses the strategies for filling the implementation gaps. Finally, the paper concludes and recommends that the lofty goals of open and distance education in Nigeria should be properly implemented to ensure lifelong opportunities for self-development and fulfillment.
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Yusuf, M.O. (2014). Media in Distance Learning: The Nigerian National Teachers Institute Distance Education Programme. Turkish Online journal of Distance Education (TOJDE) October, vol. 6 no. 4 Article 3.
Creed, C.l. (2001). The use of open distance education teachers. Cambridge: International Research Foundation from Open Learning. Report to department for international Department) Gopher://oasis.Dewer.Colorado./Edu/ho/UCD/dept/edu/IT/sherry/Lit.htm/.
Dodds, A. (2005). “Universities, open universities lifelong learning and 21st century”. An open lecture at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) in Daily Champions. Feb. 16.
Ebirim U., & Okenwa G. (2009). Utilization of instructional materials in distance education programmes in Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences Vol 1.
Edomwande, C.I. (2022). Impact of open and distance learning on Nigerian education. Retrieved from https://journals.ui.edu.ng on 19/10/2023.
Egwuatu, R. I. (2000). Distance Learning: The Nigeria experience. lecture delivered at the 5th graduation ceremony of the national teachers’ institute, Anambra/Enugu/Ebonyi States at the trade fair complex, Enugu: June 3.
Emunemu, B. D. (2004). Distance education in Nigeria: Strategies for teaching at a distance In Fagbamiye, E. Babalola. J. Fabunmi, M. & Ayeni, A. (eds). Management of primary and secondary education in Nigeria. Ibadan : NAEAP Publication.
Encarta Encyclopedia (2005). Open University. Britain: Microsoft Corporation.
Eya, P. E. (2006). Evaluation of the available instructional materials for implementation of the UBE programme in Enugu Education Zone. The Nigerian Universal Education, 19(1), 136-144.
Federal Ministry of Education (2002). Blue print and implementation plan for the national open and distance learning programmes. Abuja: Government Printer.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National Policy on Education. Lagos: Nigerian Education and Research Development Centre.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004). National Policy on Education. Lagos: NERDC.
Gagne, M. & Shepherd, M. (2011). A Comparison between a distance and a traditional graduate accounting class T.H.E Journal 28 (9). Retrieved from http://www.thejournal.com/magazine/vault/A3433.emf. on June 6 2006.
Hubbard, G.U (2015).The concept of distance education. In Hubbard, G., Rodger, Ashton. & Bland, J. (Eds.) Distance education: Research, Current Practice and House Bill 2128 http://www.tcet.unt.edu/pubs/distance.httm.
Kamba, M.A, (2009). problem, challenges and benefits of implementation of e learning in Nigeria University: An Empirical study international journal of emerging technologies in learning 2-29.
Keegan, D. (2010). Foundation of Distance Education. London: Rout Ledge and Kegan Paul.
Mbakwem, Okafor & Anyanwu (2014).Distance Education Programme in Nigeria: Relevance, Implication and Challenges. in T.A Bolarin and Q.Obinagu (eds).Higher Education and its Challenges in Contemporary Nigeria. Proceedings of the 29th Congress of the Nigeria Academy of Education, pp.21-22.Lagos: Toptune Educational Publishers.
Obanya, P.A.I (2009). The dilemma of education in Africa. Ibadan: HEB.
Ogbonnaya, N. I. (2009). Principle and application of educational policies in Nigeria. Nsukka; University Trust Publishers.
Ogili, E.E. (2004). “Challenges of open and distance education in achieving education for all in Nigeria”. In Malaysian Journal of Distance Education. 6 (2). Retrieved from http://www.my/journal/jpjjm/index.html. On August 25. 2007.
Olalaye, Y.L. (2017). Open and distance learning practices as a precursor on development in Nigerian Education. Retrieved on 20/10/2023 from https:www.academia.edu.
Onuorah A.E. (2007) Role of guidance counselors in enhancing access and balanced development through Open and distance learning. In Babalola. J. Akpa. G Ayeni. A & Adedeji. S. (eds) Access, equity and quality in higher education. Ibadan: NAEAP publication.
Osuji, U.S.A. (2007). Open and distance learning for enhanced access and balanced development. In Babalola. J, Fabunmi M. & Ayeni. A.(eds) Management of primary and secondary education in Nigeria. Ibadan: NAEAP publication.
Russel, L (2012) "Exploring social presence in conferencing:. In journal of interactive learning research. 13 (3) 259-275.
Umezulike, A.N. (2015). Exposition of open and distance learning in Nigeria. Retrieved from https://files.eric.gov on 23/10/2023.
World Bank (2010). Higher education in developing countries: perils and promise. Washington DC: The World Bank/IBRD.
Yusuf, M.O. (2014). Media in Distance Learning: The Nigerian National Teachers Institute Distance Education Programme. Turkish Online journal of Distance Education (TOJDE) October, vol. 6 no. 4 Article 3.