TEST ANXIETY AND SELF-ESTEEM AS CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC ACHIVEMENT AMONG STUDENTS OF NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA
METU, IFEOMA CLEMENTINA
ic.metu@unizik.edu.ng Evaluation, Research and Statistics Unit, Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria.
OTUBELU, IFEANYI DANIEL
Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria.
EZEUGO, NNEKA CHINYERE
nc.ezeugo@unizik.edu.ng Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Anambra State, Nigeria.
This study investigated test anxiety and self-esteem as correlates of academic achievement among students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The objectives are to assess the levels of test anxiety and self-esteem among university students and to explore the relationship between these psychological factors and academic achievement. A correlational research design was employed, focusing on establishing relationships between test anxiety, self-esteem, and academic achievement. The study population comprises 1036 final year students of the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka for 2021/ 2022 academic session. Sample of the study consist of 200 students drawn through simple random sampling from the eight departments in the faculty. Data was collected using validated instruments and exam scores. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings are that students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University have high levels of test anxiety but low self-esteem. While test anxiety has an inverse relationship with academic achievement, self-esteem has a strong direct relationship with academic achievement. These findings have significant implications for students, educators, government and policymakers, including university management.
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Bada, S. O., & Idoko, O. S. (2021). Conceptualising academic anxiety and its implications for undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. International Journal of Educational Administration, Planning and Research, 1(1), 94-111.
Chacón-López, H., & Maeso-Broncano, A. (2023). Creative development, self-esteem and barriers to creativity in university students of education according to their participation in artistic activities. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, 101270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101270
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Gómez-López, M., Granero-Gallegos, A., & Baena-Extremera, A. (2020). Relationships among motivational climate, satisfaction, perceived ability, and academic achievement. Sustainability, 12(7), 2953.
Gultom, S., & Oktaviani, L. (2022). The correlation between students'self-esteem and their English proficiency test result. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 52-57.
Jerrim, J. (2023). Test anxiety: Is it associated with performance in high-stakes examinations?. Oxford Review of Education, 49(3), 321-341.
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Spielberger, C.D. (1980). Test anxiety inventory: Preliminary professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Tan, S. H., & Pang, J. S. (2023). Test anxiety: An integration of the test anxiety and achievement motivation research traditions. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 13. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-023-09737-1
Utami, B. R., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2022). Does Self-Esteem Influence Student English Proficiency Test Scores?. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 16-20. http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/english-language-teaching/index
Verhoeven, J. E., Han, L. K., Lever-van Milligen, B. A., Hu, M. X., Révész, D., Hoogendoorn, A. W., ... & Penninx, B. W. (2023). Antidepressants or running therapy: Comparing effects on mental and physical health in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of affective disorders, 329, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098437
Adwas, A. A., Jbireal, J. M., & Azab, A. M. (2019). An Investigation of Anxiety and Its Management: A Review. Journal of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, 5(1), 15-29. 19._52790_Article_Text_163738_1_10_20210414-libre.pdf
Akbari, O., & Sahibzada, J. (2020). Students’ self-confidence and its impacts on their learning process. American International Journal of Social Science Research, 5(1), 1-15.
Akhdan, M. A., & Aminatun, D. (2022). The correlation between anxiety and student GPA & EPT score during Covid 19 pandemic. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 45-51. https://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/english-language-teaching/article/view/2254
Alghamdi, S. A., Aljaffer, M. A., Alahmari, F. S., Alasiri, A. B., Alkahtani, A. H., Alhudayris, F. S., & Alhusaini, B. A. (2023). The impact of low self-esteem on academic achievement and the behaviors related to it among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal, 44(6), 613. doi: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.6.20230055
Archbell, K. A., & Coplan, R. J. (2022). Too anxious to talk: Social anxiety, academic communication, and students’ experiences in higher education. Journal of emotional and behavioral disorders, 30(4), 273-286.
Bada, S. O., & Idoko, O. S. (2021). Conceptualising academic anxiety and its implications for undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. International Journal of Educational Administration, Planning and Research, 1(1), 94-111.
Chacón-López, H., & Maeso-Broncano, A. (2023). Creative development, self-esteem and barriers to creativity in university students of education according to their participation in artistic activities. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, 101270.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101270
Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2023). Anxiety and Worry Workbook. Guilford Publications
Dawood, E., Al Ghadeer, H., Mitsu, R., Almutary, N., & Alenezi, B. (2016). Relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement among undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Education and practice, 7(2), 57-65.
Dowker, A., & Sheridan, H. (2022). Relationships between mathematics performance and attitude to mathematics: influences of gender, test anxiety, and working memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 814992.
Gómez-López, M., Granero-Gallegos, A., & Baena-Extremera, A. (2020). Relationships among motivational climate, satisfaction, perceived ability, and academic achievement. Sustainability, 12(7), 2953.
Gultom, S., & Oktaviani, L. (2022). The correlation between students'self-esteem and their English proficiency test result. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 52-57.
Jerrim, J. (2023). Test anxiety: Is it associated with performance in high-stakes examinations?. Oxford Review of Education, 49(3), 321-341.
Kumar, A., Agarwal, A., & Agarwal, P. (2021). Perspectives on Academic Achievement: A Review of Theories and Models. Educational Psychology Review, 33(4), 510-525.
Matovu, M. (2020). Academic self-efficacy and academic performance among university undergraduate students. European Journal of Education. 7(3). 135-149. http://196.43.172.28/handle/20.500.12309/719
Miller, I. (2024). Self-esteem: An American History. John Wiley & Sons.
Okafor, E. O., Obi, J. S., & Oguzie, A. E. (2018). Relationship between students’ self-esteem and their academic achievement in Imo state. HOFA: African Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(1), 24-32.
Newton, J. H., & Horn, T. S. (2023). Self-worth and Measures of Body Image. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 1-7). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_4134-2
Reitz, A. K., Motti-Stefanidi, F., Asendorpf, J. B., & Manganelli, A. M. (2022). Gender stereotypes and academic self-concepts: A cross-cultural comparison among adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 57(4), 584-595.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Journal of Religion and Health.
Santos, A. I., Silva, A. L., & Marques, C. (2021). Self-esteem and academic achievement among high school students. Current Psychology, 40(8), 4213-4222.
Spielberger, C.D. (1980). Test anxiety inventory: Preliminary professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Tan, S. H., & Pang, J. S. (2023). Test anxiety: An integration of the test anxiety and achievement motivation research traditions. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 13. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-023-09737-1
Utami, B. R., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2022). Does Self-Esteem Influence Student English Proficiency Test Scores?. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(2), 16-20. http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/english-language-teaching/index
Verhoeven, J. E., Han, L. K., Lever-van Milligen, B. A., Hu, M. X., Révész, D., Hoogendoorn, A. W., ... & Penninx, B. W. (2023). Antidepressants or running therapy: Comparing effects on mental and physical health in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Journal of affective disorders, 329, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098437