PERCEIVED ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF ONLINE LEARNING AMONG SANDWICH STUDENTS IN NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA
Ogbaka, Luke Chidiebele
+2348161237361 lc.ogbaka@unizik.edu.ng Department of Adult and Continuing Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Chieke,, Joseph Chukwutobelu
+2347065015619 jc.chieke@unizik.edu.ng Department of Adult and Continuing Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Ewelum, Johnson Nnadi
+2348064113123 jn.ewelum@unizik.edu.ng Department of Adult and Continuing Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
The study examined the perceived economic challenges of online learning among sandwich students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. One research question guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study was made up of 576 sandwich students in the Faculty of Education in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The sample of 236 sandwich students was used for the study. Taro Yamane’s formula was used in two stages. A pilot test was carried out using 10 sandwich students in the Faculty of Education, Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli. The data collected from the pilot test were analysed using Cronbach’s alpha. The analyses showed that the instrument has a reliability of 0.79 which was accepted as reliable. A 10 item questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was titled “Perceived Economic Challenges of Online Learning among Sandwich Students Scale (PECOLSSS)”. The instrument was subjected to both face and content validity by two experts. The data collected were analysed using mean. The study revealed that high cost of internet data and access, lack of access to computers and other devices, loss of income from taking time off from work, lack of financial support from employers and families, high cost of educational materials and resources, high cost of tuition fee, inadequate facilitator/instructor training by the institution, not developing the curriculum to meet the needs of the online medium, lack of constant power supply and not being rich enough to cater for school along-side family bills were regarded as the economic challenges of online learning among sandwich students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Based on the finding of the study, the study recommended, among others, that study loans should be given to the sandwich students in order to enable them to cope with some of the challenges they might be facing in the tertiary institutions. Conclusion and implications of the study were made.
References
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Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R. & Bakia, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers College Record, 115(3), 1-47.
Ogunleye, A. O. & Odewole, A. O. (2022). Challenges of online learning for sandwich students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning, 11(1), 19-30.
Picciano, A. G. (2017). Theories and frameworks for online education: Seeking an integrated model. Online Learning, 21(3), 166-190.
Singh, G. (2018). E-Learning: A new paradigm in education. Journal of Educational Technology, 39 (1), 15-25.
Ugwu, C., Ezeabii, I. & Ugwunwoti, C. (2020). Challenges of online learning among sandwich students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(2), 112-122.
Ugwu, I. V., Ezeabii, I. C. & Ugwunwoti, P. E. (2020). Challenges of teaching and learning of accounting education in tertiary institutions in Enugu State of Nigeria. International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research, 6(2), 1-10.
Umeh, E. (2017). Methods of data analysis in the social and behavioural science. Enugu: Auto- Century Publishing Company.
Adebayo, T. A. & Soetan, S. O. (2021). Challenges of sandwich students in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning, 10(5), 390-400.
Adedoyin, A. O. & Soykan, A. (2020). The challenges of online learning among sandwich students in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(8), 239-250.
Afolabi, J. A. & Oke, S. M. (2022). Challenges of online learning for sandwich students in Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 17(1), 1-10.
Anderson, T. (2021). Online learning: Concepts, strategies, and application. AU Press.
Aransi, S. O. (2019). The economic challenges of online learning among sandwich students in Nigeria. Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 5(2), 1-10.
Aransi, W. O. (2019). Psychosocial and economic variables as correlates of adults' participation into sandwich educational programmes in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 6(3), 107-115.
Archer, J. (2015). Sandwich students and employability: Enhancing the connection. Education + Training, 57(4), 407-423.
Clark, R. E. (2018). Theoretical perspectives on online learning. In The Handbook of Online Learning (2nd ed., pp. 17-47). Brill Sense.
Helyer, R. (2013). The work-based learning student experience: Insights from three research studies. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 3(2), 117-130.
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T. & Bond, A. (2020).The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. EDUCAUSE Review, 27(1), 1-12.
Ko, S. & Rossen, S. (2010). Teaching online:A practical guide. Routledge.
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R. & Bakia, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers College Record, 115(3), 1-47.
Ogunleye, A. O. & Odewole, A. O. (2022). Challenges of online learning for sandwich students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning, 11(1), 19-30.
Picciano, A. G. (2017). Theories and frameworks for online education: Seeking an integrated model. Online Learning, 21(3), 166-190.
Singh, G. (2018). E-Learning: A new paradigm in education. Journal of Educational Technology, 39 (1), 15-25.
Ugwu, C., Ezeabii, I. & Ugwunwoti, C. (2020). Challenges of online learning among sandwich students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(2), 112-122.
Ugwu, I. V., Ezeabii, I. C. & Ugwunwoti, P. E. (2020). Challenges of teaching and learning of accounting education in tertiary institutions in Enugu State of Nigeria. International Journal of Vocational and Technical Education Research, 6(2), 1-10.
Umeh, E. (2017). Methods of data analysis in the social and behavioural science. Enugu: Auto- Century Publishing Company.